Johannes Kepler and Planetary Motion

Johannes Kepler's gifted astronomical discoveries forged one of the solidest links in the chain of scientific history. It was he who strengthened the incomplete Copernican cosmological theories by working out the age-old riddle of how the planets really move. And it was through a knowledge of Kepler's Planetary Laws that Isaac Newton was able to formulate his Law of Universal Gravitation. One of the warmest personalities in the entire history of science, Kepler had to overcome many obstacles —religious intolerance, poverty, petty politics, frail health, ceaseless wars. His mother's trial as a witch impeded his work for years. He had to earn his living largely by making calendars and casting horoscopes. Yet he came into contact with Emperors and the highest nobility, among them the great generalissimo of the Thirty Years' War, Wallenstein. Certainly his collaboration with the Danish observer, Tycho Brahe, is one of the most fascinating chapters in the history of science.